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Biceps Brachii
Triceps Brachii
Latissimus Dorsi
Brachioradialis
Latissimus Dorsi
Longissimus
Brachialis
Coracobrachialis
Biceps Brachii
Rectus Femoris
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MUSCLE
REGION
ORIGIN
INSERTION
PRIMARY
ACTION
SECONDARY
ACTION
INNERVATION
dorsal rami of adjacent spinal nerves
(C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8, L1, L2, L3, L4, L5)
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Lumbar and cervical extension
Lumbar and cervical stabilizers
spinous processes of C1 to C6, spinous processes of L1 to L4
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spinous processes of C2 to C7 and L2 to L5 vertebrae
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Torso
Interspinales
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ventral rami of adjacent spinal nerves
(T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12)
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Inspiration
Upper border of the 2nd to 12th ribs
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Lower border of 1st to 11th ribs
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Torso
Intercostals
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ventral rami of T7 to T12, L1 spinal nerve
(T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, L1)
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Core stabilizer
Lumbar to thoracic flexion
pubic symphysis, pubic crest
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xiphoid process, Costal cartilages of 5th to 7th ribs
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Torso
Rectus Abdominis
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ventral rami of T2 to T6
(T2, T3, T4, T5, T6)
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Inspiration
lateral to angles of 2nd to 5th ribs
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ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes C7 to T3
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Torso
Serratus Posterior Superior
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ventral rami of T7 to T12, L1 spinal nerve
(T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, L1)
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Ipsilateral lumbar to thoracic lateral flexion, ipsilateral lumbar to thoracic rotation, expiration
Lumbar to thoracic flexion
lateral 2/3 of inguinal ligament, middle lip of anterior 2/3 iliac crest, body of pubis, pubic crest, thoracolumbar fascia (TLF) - most fibres
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9th to 12th ribs
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Torso
Internal Oblique
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ventral rami of T7 to T12, L1 spinal nerve
(T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, L1)
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Ipsilateral lumbar to thoracic lateral flexion, contralateral lumbar to thoracic rotation, expiration
Lumbar to thoracic flexion
outer lip of anterior 2/3 iliac crest, linea alba, pubic tubercle, thoracolumbar fascia (TLF)
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5th to 12th ribs, Costal cartilages of 5th to 10th ribs
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Torso
External Oblique
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ventral rami of T1 to T12
(T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12)
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Expiration
2nd to 6th costal cartilages
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body of sternum, xiphoid process, 4th to 7th costal cartilages
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Torso
Transversus Abdominis
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Medial pectoral nerve, Lateral pectoral nerve
(C5, C6, C7, C8, T1)
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Shoulder flexion, Shoulder extension
Shoulder adduction, Shoulder internal rotation
Lateral lip of the intertubercular groove of the humerus
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Medial 1/2 anterior clavicle, Anterior manubrium, Body of the sternum, Anterior 1st to 6th ribs, Aponeurosis of the external oblique
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Upper Limb, Torso
Pectoralis Major
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Femoral nerve
(L2, L3, L4)
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Hip flexion
Knee extension
base of patella via quadriceps tendon, tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament/tendon
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anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS), superior to acetabulum
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Lower Limb
Rectus Femoris
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inferior gluteal nerve
(L5, S1, S2)
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Hip lateral rotation, Hip abduction, Knee extension
Hip extension
gluteal tuberosity of femur, iliotibial tract/band (ITB)
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thoracolumbar fascia, gluteal surface of ilium, posterior to posterior gluteal line, posterior iliac crest, sacrotuberous ligament, posterior sacrum, lateral coccyx
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Lower Limb, Torso
Gluteus Maximus
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dorsal rami of adjacent spinal nerves
(C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, L1, L2, L3, L4, L5)
Show nerve
Ipsilateral lumbar to cervical lateral flexion, Ipsilateral lumbar to cervical rotation
lumbar to cervical extension
Transverse processes of T1 to T12, ribs 3 to 12, transverse processes of C2 to C6, mastoid process of temporal bone
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Spinous processes T11 to L5, iliac crest, sacral ligaments, transverse processes of L1 to L5, thoracolumbar fascia, transverse processes of T1 to T6, articular processes of C4 to C7
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Torso
Longissimus
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ventral rami of C3 to C6
(C3, C4, C5, C6)
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Ipsilateral cervical lateral flexion, contralateral cervical rotation
Cervical flexion
transverse processes of C5 to C6, bodies C2 to C4, anterior tubercle of atlas
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Bodies of T1 to T3, Bodies of C5 to C7, transverse processes of C3 to C5
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Torso
Longus Colli
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MUSCULOSKELORDLE
Torso and Neck Mode
Abductor Digiti Minimi
Lower Limb
Abductor Digiti Minimi
Upper Limb
Abductor Hallucis
Lower Limb
Abductor Pollicis Brevis
Upper Limb
Abductor Pollicis Longus
Upper Limb
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